попробуйте это
SELECT types.type_name, stats.posts, stats.likes, stats.comments
FROM types
LEFT JOIN (
select post_type, count(i.post_id) as posts, sum(i.likes) as likes, sum(i.comments) as comments
from insights i INNER JOIN posts p ON i.post_id = p.post_id
) as stats
ON types.type_id = stats.post_type;