Вы можете попробовать следующее:
$(document).ready(function(){
$('input[type="checkbox"]').click(function(){
var $this = $(this);
var $item = $this.attr('name');
var $input = $('input[name="'+$item+'"][type="text"]');
var $inputValue = $input.val();
if ($this.is(':checked')){
$input.data('oldvalue',$inputValue);
$input.val('');
} else {
$input.val($input.data('oldvalue'));
}
});
});
body{line-height: 1.5;}
input{display: block;margin: 10px 0 0;}
input[type="checkbox"] { display: inline;}
label{ margin: 0 10px 0 5px;}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="options">
<input type="checkbox" name="title"><label>Title</label>
<input type="checkbox" name="author"><label>Author</label>
<input type="checkbox" name="category"><label>Category</label>
</div>
<div class="container">
<form method="post">
<input type="text" name="title" placeholder="Title:">
<input type="text" name="author" placeholder="Author:">
<input type="text" name="category" placeholder="Category:">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</div>