Попробуйте что-то вроде этого:
private final Set<String> runningOperations = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
private final Object lock = new Object();
@Async
public void analyzeData(User user, List<String> data) throws Exception {
synchronized (lock) {
if (runningOperations.contains(user.company))
return;
runningOperations.add(user.company);
}
try {
boolean operationResult = performLongOperation(data);
if (operationResult) {
log.info("Long operation ended successfully");
} else {
log.error("Long operation failure");
}
} finally {
runningOperations.remove(user.company);
}
}