Vue JS передает данные по ссылке на компонент

Я использовал бы Task.Run вместо BackgroundWorker в вашем случае:

private void Grid_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    //Keep it running for 5 minutes
    CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource(new TimeSpan(hours: 0, minutes: 5, seconds: 0));

    //Keep it running until user closes the app
    //CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

    //Go to a different thread
    Task.Run(() =>
    {
        //Some dummy variable
        long millisecondsSlept = 0;

        //Make sure cancellation not requested
        while (!cts.Token.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            //Some heavy operation here
            Thread.Sleep(500);
            millisecondsSlept += 500;

            //Update UI with the results of the heavy operation
            Application.Current.Dispatcher.Invoke(() => txtCpu.Text = millisecondsSlept.ToString());
        }
    }, cts.Token);
}