Вот решение, написанное в голанге. Метод похож на некоторые другие ответы, размещенные здесь, но не совсем то же самое. Он прост в применении и был протестирован. Вот шаги:
Здесь выводятся значения для A, B и C для квадратичных чисел, где (n-et) и (m-dt) являются уравнениями для координат x и y линии соответственно. r - радиус круга.
(n-et)(n-et) + (m-dt)(m-dt) = rr
nn - 2etn + etet + mm - 2mdt + dtdt = rr
(ee+dd)tt - 2(en + dm)t + nn + mm - rr = 0
Поэтому A = ee + dd, B = - 2 (en + dm) и C = nn + mm - rr.
Вот код golang для функции:
package geom
import (
"math"
)
// SegmentCircleIntersection return points of intersection between a circle and
// a line segment. The Boolean intersects returns true if one or
// more solutions exist. If only one solution exists,
// x1 == x2 and y1 == y2.
// s1x and s1y are coordinates for one end point of the segment, and
// s2x and s2y are coordinates for the other end of the segment.
// cx and cy are the coordinates of the center of the circle and
// r is the radius of the circle.
func SegmentCircleIntersection(s1x, s1y, s2x, s2y, cx, cy, r float64) (x1, y1, x2, y2 float64, intersects bool) {
// (n-et) and (m-dt) are expressions for the x and y coordinates
// of a parameterized line in coordinates whose origin is the
// center of the circle.
// When t = 0, (n-et) == s1x - cx and (m-dt) == s1y - cy
// When t = 1, (n-et) == s2x - cx and (m-dt) == s2y - cy.
n := s2x - cx
m := s2y - cy
e := s2x - s1x
d := s2y - s1y
// lineFunc checks if the t parameter is in the segment and if so
// calculates the line point in the unshifted coordinates (adds back
// cx and cy.
lineFunc := func(t float64) (x, y float64, inBounds bool) {
inBounds = t >= 0 && t <= 1 // Check bounds on closed segment
// To check bounds for an open segment use t > 0 && t < 1
if inBounds { // Calc coords for point in segment
x = n - e*t + cx
y = m - d*t + cy
}
return
}
// Since we want the points on the line distance r from the origin,
// (n-et)(n-et) + (m-dt)(m-dt) = rr.
// Expanding and collecting terms yeilds the following quadratic equation:
A, B, C := e*e+d*d, -2*(e*n+m*d), n*n+m*m-r*r
D := B*B - 4*A*C // discriminant of quadratic
if D < 0 {
return // No solution
}
D = math.Sqrt(D)
var p1In, p2In bool
x1, y1, p1In = lineFunc((-B + D) / (2 * A)) // First root
if D == 0.0 {
intersects = p1In
x2, y2 = x1, y1
return // Only possible solution, quadratic has one root.
}
x2, y2, p2In = lineFunc((-B - D) / (2 * A)) // Second root
intersects = p1In || p2In
if p1In == false { // Only x2, y2 may be valid solutions
x1, y1 = x2, y2
} else if p2In == false { // Only x1, y1 are valid solutions
x2, y2 = x1, y1
}
return
}
Я проверил ее с помощью этой функции, которая подтверждает, что точки решения находятся в пределах сегмента линии и по кругу. Он производит тестовый сегмент и подметает его вокруг данного круга:
package geom_test
import (
"testing"
. "**put your package path here**"
)
func CheckEpsilon(t *testing.T, v, epsilon float64, message string) {
if v > epsilon || v < -epsilon {
t.Error(message, v, epsilon)
t.FailNow()
}
}
func TestSegmentCircleIntersection(t *testing.T) {
epsilon := 1e-10 // Something smallish
x1, y1 := 5.0, 2.0 // segment end point 1
x2, y2 := 50.0, 30.0 // segment end point 2
cx, cy := 100.0, 90.0 // center of circle
r := 80.0
segx, segy := x2-x1, y2-y1
testCntr, solutionCntr := 0, 0
for i := -100; i < 100; i++ {
for j := -100; j < 100; j++ {
testCntr++
s1x, s2x := x1+float64(i), x2+float64(i)
s1y, s2y := y1+float64(j), y2+float64(j)
sc1x, sc1y := s1x-cx, s1y-cy
seg1Inside := sc1x*sc1x+sc1y*sc1y < r*r
sc2x, sc2y := s2x-cx, s2y-cy
seg2Inside := sc2x*sc2x+sc2y*sc2y < r*r
p1x, p1y, p2x, p2y, intersects := SegmentCircleIntersection(s1x, s1y, s2x, s2y, cx, cy, r)
if intersects {
solutionCntr++
//Check if points are on circle
c1x, c1y := p1x-cx, p1y-cy
deltaLen1 := (c1x*c1x + c1y*c1y) - r*r
CheckEpsilon(t, deltaLen1, epsilon, "p1 not on circle")
c2x, c2y := p2x-cx, p2y-cy
deltaLen2 := (c2x*c2x + c2y*c2y) - r*r
CheckEpsilon(t, deltaLen2, epsilon, "p2 not on circle")
// Check if points are on the line through the line segment
// "cross product" of vector from a segment point to the point
// and the vector for the segment should be near zero
vp1x, vp1y := p1x-s1x, p1y-s1y
crossProd1 := vp1x*segy - vp1y*segx
CheckEpsilon(t, crossProd1, epsilon, "p1 not on line ")
vp2x, vp2y := p2x-s1x, p2y-s1y
crossProd2 := vp2x*segy - vp2y*segx
CheckEpsilon(t, crossProd2, epsilon, "p2 not on line ")
// Check if point is between points s1 and s2 on line
// This means the sign of the dot prod of the segment vector
// and point to segment end point vectors are opposite for
// either end.
wp1x, wp1y := p1x-s2x, p1y-s2y
dp1v := vp1x*segx + vp1y*segy
dp1w := wp1x*segx + wp1y*segy
if (dp1v < 0 && dp1w < 0) || (dp1v > 0 && dp1w > 0) {
t.Error("point not contained in segment ", dp1v, dp1w)
t.FailNow()
}
wp2x, wp2y := p2x-s2x, p2y-s2y
dp2v := vp2x*segx + vp2y*segy
dp2w := wp2x*segx + wp2y*segy
if (dp2v < 0 && dp2w < 0) || (dp2v > 0 && dp2w > 0) {
t.Error("point not contained in segment ", dp2v, dp2w)
t.FailNow()
}
if s1x == s2x && s2y == s1y { //Only one solution
// Test that one end of the segment is withing the radius of the circle
// and one is not
if seg1Inside && seg2Inside {
t.Error("Only one solution but both line segment ends inside")
t.FailNow()
}
if !seg1Inside && !seg2Inside {
t.Error("Only one solution but both line segment ends outside")
t.FailNow()
}
}
} else { // No intersection, check if both points outside or inside
if (seg1Inside && !seg2Inside) || (!seg1Inside && seg2Inside) {
t.Error("No solution but only one point in radius of circle")
t.FailNow()
}
}
}
}
t.Log("Tested ", testCntr, " examples and found ", solutionCntr, " solutions.")
}
Вот результат теста:
=== RUN TestSegmentCircleIntersection
--- PASS: TestSegmentCircleIntersection (0.00s)
geom_test.go:105: Tested 40000 examples and found 7343 solutions.
Наконец, этот способ легко расширяется до случай луча, начинающегося в одной точке, проходящего через другой и простирающегося до бесконечности, только путем проверки, если t> 0 или t & lt; 1, но не оба.