Решение с использованием пакета purrr.
purrr
library(purrr) asdf2 <- transpose(asdf) %>% map(unlist) asdf2 # [[1]] # [1] 1 10 # # [[2]] # [1] 2 20 # # [[3]] # [1] 3 30 # # [[4]] # [1] 4 40 # # [[5]] # [1] 5 50